{"id":415,"date":"2021-04-16T15:51:50","date_gmt":"2021-04-16T15:51:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/?p=415"},"modified":"2021-04-16T15:51:50","modified_gmt":"2021-04-16T15:51:50","slug":"informacao-lei-natural-e-a-auto-organizacao-do-movimento-ritmico-kugler-e-turvey-1987","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/2021\/04\/16\/informacao-lei-natural-e-a-auto-organizacao-do-movimento-ritmico-kugler-e-turvey-1987\/","title":{"rendered":"Informa\u00e7\u00e3o, lei natural e a auto-organiza\u00e7\u00e3o do movimento r\u00edtmico (Kugler e Turvey 1987)"},"content":{"rendered":"

KUGLER, Peter N.; TURVEY, Michael T. 1987. Information, natural law, and the self-assembly of rhythmic movement<\/em>. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.<\/p>\n

PREF\u00c1CIO: F\u00edsica e Biologia<\/strong>
\nSegundo F. Eugene Yates, que assina o pref\u00e1cio deste livro, ele faz parte de um esfor\u00e7o maior para “desmistificar o comportamento”. Mas n\u00e3o estariam as pr\u00f3prias no\u00e7\u00f5es de “comportamento” e de “desmistifica\u00e7\u00e3o” precisando de uma certa revis\u00e3o?<\/p>\n

Cada vez mais, comportamento pode ser definido como aquela parte da a\u00e7\u00e3o que \u00e9 pass\u00edvel de registro e mensura\u00e7\u00e3o. Qualquer pretens\u00e3o \u00e0 desmistifica\u00e7\u00e3o, por outro lado, necessariamente implica a pressuposi\u00e7\u00e3o de um privil\u00e9gio epistemol\u00f3gico atualmente dif\u00edcil de sustentar.<\/p>\n

Como Yates bem sintetiza, tudo radica na complexa rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre duas “dimens\u00f5es da realidade”, por assim dizer: uma f\u00edsica e outra biol\u00f3gica. Essa rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 mediada pelo nebuloso conceito de “intencionalidade”, propriedade normalmente atribu\u00edda aos seres vivos (em especial os humanos), mas muito frequentemente encontrada tamb\u00e9m em fen\u00f4menos da natureza normalmente considerada inanimada (como a vela que parece “querer” permanecer acesa). Yates parece localizar a intencionalidade no sistema nervoso, mediador das sensa\u00e7\u00f5es recebidas e das a\u00e7\u00f5es realizadas.<\/p>\n

INTRODU\u00c7\u00c3O: Perspectivas f\u00edsicas e neurofisiol\u00f3gicas sobre o movimento<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

M.B.Berkinblit e A.G.Feldman iniciam a introdu\u00e7\u00e3o do livro tratando dos avan\u00e7os no estudo cient\u00edfico do comportamento animal, entendendo por cient\u00edfica uma Biologia que baseie suas explica\u00e7\u00f5es nas leis da F\u00edsica. Eles mencionam dois processos importantes nesse avan\u00e7o: o surgimento de novas tecnologias para a observa\u00e7\u00e3o e o registro do movimento; e a penetra\u00e7\u00e3o das id\u00e9ias da F\u00edsica na Biologia. S\u00e3o ent\u00e3o apresentadas tr\u00eas quest\u00f5es: o problema da intencionalidade; o problema da rela\u00e7\u00e3o meios\/fins; e a quest\u00e3o do controle:<\/p>\n

“Unlike the movements of physical bodies, the movements of humans and animals are purposeful and execute certain functional goals. In addition, the nervous system is capable of using many muscles and joints and it varies their coordinations from time to time, even though the movement goal remais the same. In other words, living movements are controllable.” (Berkinblit e Feldman; in: Kugler e Turvey 1987:xxii)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

DIFEREN\u00c7A ENTRE USAR as LEIS NATURAIS e SER USADO POR ELAS:<\/strong><\/p>\n

It is clear […] that living organisms not only obey natural laws but also have developed, in the process of evolution, a unique ability of using them effectively. This ability underlying this special property of biological systems – using natural laws instead of being in passive subordination to them – is one of the complex but fundamental problems confronting the physiology of motor activity.” (Berkinblit e Feldman; in: Kugler e Turvey 1987:xxiii)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Depois de mencionarem o papel dos neuronal oscillators<\/em> e das dissipative structures<\/em> na produ\u00e7\u00e3o do movimento r\u00edtmico, eles se voltam ent\u00e3o para a centralidade do conceito de informa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong> para Kugler e Turvey:<\/p>\n

“This approach envisages, in full measure, the fact that biological systems are open, self-sustaining, nondeterminate, and guided by information. But the concept of information is used in a nontraditional sense – as something specifically reflecting the forms of dynamic processes in the biological system (e.g., “Haptic Information as the Abstracted Morphology of Movement Dynamics,” Chapter 7).” (Berkinblit e Feldman; in: Kugler e Turvey 1987:xxiii)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

ESTRUTURAS DISSIPATIVAS e CONTROLE PARAM\u00c9TRICO<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

They [Kugler e Turvey] argue that rhythmic behavior of living systems is a consequence of the self-assembly of dissipative structures: When the amount of energy flowing continuously into the system exceeds a critical value, a reorganization of the operational components of the system results, so that they can now support its stable oscillations by dissipating free energy. In such systems, the parameters of rhythmic processes (e.g., natural periods or amplitudes) can easily be controlled, as is tha case for most rhythmic motions of organisms.” (Berkinblit e Feldman; in: Kugler e Turvey 1987:xxiv)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

OBJETIVO DO LIVRO (explicar correla\u00e7\u00e3o de par\u00e2metros):<\/strong><\/p>\n

On the whole, the authors have successfully accomplished their program – to explain, based on physical representations, the observed relations among various parameters of wrist-pendulum oscillations.” (Berkinblit e Feldman; in: Kugler e Turvey 1987:xxv)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

A DIFEREN\u00c7A ENTRE A A\u00c7\u00c3O <\/strong>(uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o que pode ser descrita pela f\u00edsica) E O SEU MEIO <\/strong>(que, sendo o organismo vivo, envolve complexidades e multiplicidades que a Biologia ainda precisa decifrar):<\/strong><\/p>\n

“The strategy […] is the identification of invariant characteristics of movement regulation that can be instantiated in a wide variety of neural designs. The analysis focuses on the identification of the functional invariants underlying movement production, rather that on neuronal detail that can vary dramatically across instantiations.” (Berkinblit e Feldman; in: Kugler e Turvey 1987:xxv)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Concluindo sua introdu\u00e7\u00e3o, Berkinblit e Feldman esclarecem que o livro de Kugler e Turvey s\u00f3 se ocupa da “elucida\u00e7\u00e3o de prinic\u00edpios f\u00edsicos gerais”, deixando de lado as “quest\u00f5es neurofisiol\u00f3gicas”.<\/p>\n

PREF\u00c1CIO<\/strong><\/p>\n

PROPOSTA DO LIVRO I (explica\u00e7\u00e3o f\u00edsica do movimento r\u00edtmico a partir do conceito de informa\u00e7\u00e3o):<\/strong><\/p>\n

The work reported here is directed at understanding the physical basis of a hallmark characteristic of animals – the generation of rhythymic movements of the kind that occur most commondly in terrestrial locomotion. Central to this effort is the notion of information. (Kugler e Turvey 1987:xxix)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

O CONCEITO (pragm\u00e1tico) DE INFORMA\u00c7\u00c3O DE J.J. GIBSON:<\/strong><\/p>\n

“qualitative, macroscopic properties of structured energy distributions lawfully generated by, and thereby specific to, events and actions” (Kugler e Turvey 1987:xxix)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

SERES VIVOS N\u00c3O S\u00c3O PREVIS\u00cdVEIS (como um sistema mec\u00e2nico), MAS S\u00c3O REGULARES (pois que informados por um sistema previs\u00edvel)<\/strong>: (Kugler e Turvey 1987:xxix)<\/p>\n

PERSPECTIVA MORFOL\u00d3GICA DA INFORMA\u00c7\u00c3O (padr\u00f5es de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia, Umwelts: como descrever\/quantificar?):<\/strong><\/p>\n

In part, the success of a physical biology depends on understanding the laws that condense out, sustain, and dissolve patternings of low energy distributions specific to the facts of animals, of environments, and of their relations<\/strong>. It depends also on the availability of a means for describing and quantifying these lawfully generated distributions or patternings of energy. A “morphological” perspective on information is intimated. (Kugler e Turvey 1987:)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

PROPOSTA DO LIVRO II (leis naturais da regula\u00e7\u00e3o informacional de um movimento r\u00edtmico espec\u00edfico)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Stated more particularly, the goal of the present work is to identify the natural laws that shape reliably the biomechanical flow fields that inform people how to assemble repeatedly and to maintain rhythmic movements defined over one or two variously loaded limbs in controlled laboratory settings. (Kugler e Turvey 1987:xxix)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

INTENCIONALIDADE e INFORMA\u00c7\u00c3O:<\/strong><\/p>\n

A person producing a rhythmic movement of a certain kind must intend<\/em> that movement; information about<\/em> the formation and maintenance of that movement must be available; and the person must be able to detect<\/em> and use<\/em> this information in order to successfully perceive<\/em> the facts of the movement and thereby fulfill his or her intention<\/em>. (Kugler e Turvey 1987:xxx)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

AN\u00c1LISE DE VARI\u00c1VEIS<\/strong><\/p>\n

Furthermore, the problem under study involves measures of behavior and the manipulation of independent variables to which these measures are somehow related. As with a typical piece of human experimental psychology, a rationalization of the independent variable-dependent variable linkage is sought. (Kugler e Turvey 1987:)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

REVELANDO A M\u00c3O DA NATUREZA:<\/strong><\/p>\n

The content of this monograph, therefore, can be looked at as continuing a centuries old tradition – that of detailing and analyzing the properties of pendular motion to reveal nature’s hand. (Kugler e Turvey 1987:)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Kugler e Turvey 1987:)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

KUGLER, Peter N.; TURVEY, Michael T. 1987. Information, natural law, and the self-assembly of rhythmic movement. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. PREF\u00c1CIO: F\u00edsica e Biologia Segundo F. Eugene Yates, que assina o pref\u00e1cio deste livro, ele faz parte de um esfor\u00e7o maior para “desmistificar o comportamento”. Mas n\u00e3o estariam as pr\u00f3prias no\u00e7\u00f5es de “comportamento” e de “desmistifica\u00e7\u00e3o” precisando de uma certa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":416,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[87,86],"class_list":["post-415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fichamento","tag-kugler","tag-turvey"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/9781138123991.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/415","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=415"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/415\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":417,"href":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/415\/revisions\/417"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/416"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=415"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=415"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=415"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}