{"id":1576,"date":"2023-07-14T22:44:22","date_gmt":"2023-07-14T22:44:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/?page_id=1576"},"modified":"2023-07-14T22:44:22","modified_gmt":"2023-07-14T22:44:22","slug":"sodio-e-potassio-em-delanda-2011","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/projetos\/a-agencia-social-dos-elementos-quimicos\/levantamentos-da-presenca-de-elementos-quimicos-em-livros\/sodio-e-potassio-em-delanda-2011\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00f3dio e pot\u00e1ssio em Delanda (2011)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The standard model of neurons places the manipulation of gradients of metallic ions, <strong>potassium<\/strong> or <strong>sodium<\/strong> ions, for example, at the heart of their functioning. Manipulating these chemical gradients &#8211; keeping <strong>potassium<\/strong> at high concentrations inside the cell and at low concentrations outside of it &#8211; produces yet another gradient, one of electrical potential. The key to the conversion of one gradient into another is the selective permeability of a neuron&#8217;s membrane to metallic ions: as membrane permeability changes ions flow in and out of the cell creating variations in the gradient of electrical potential. Neurons use these smooth low-level variations to record the electrical signals acting as their input. Producing an output involves changing the electrical gradients from continuous to discrete, transforming them into a chain or train of practically identical electrical spikes. This spike train is used to produce a chemical signal that, when received by other neurons, increases the permeability of their membranes if the chemical substances are excitatory or decreases it if they are inhibitory. [Nota de rodap\u00e9 2: Ronald J. MacGregor and Edwin R. Lewis. <em>Neural Modeling<\/em>. (New York: Plenum Press, 1977). p. 21\u201330.] To provide a mechanism for habituation in simple creatures all we need to assume is that the supply of an excitatory substance in a sensory neuron becomes progressively depleted after successive stimulations, so that less and less of this substance crosses the gap to affect the permeability of a motor neuron&#8217;s membrane leading to a decrease in its response. A similar mechanism can account for sensitization if we add a second sensory neuron interacting with the first causing it to increase production of the excitatory substance arid therefore the amount of the latter that reaches the motor neuron. [Nota de rodap\u00e9 3: John T. Bonner. <em>The Evolution of Culture in Animals<\/em>. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980). p. 113.] (Delanda 2011:76-7)<\/p>\n<p>DELANDA, Manuel. 2011. <em>Philosophy and Simulation: The emergence of Synthetic Reason<\/em>. Londres: Bloomsbury Academic.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The standard model of neurons places the manipulation of gradients of metallic ions, potassium or sodium ions, for example, at the heart of their functioning. Manipulating these chemical gradients &#8211; keeping potassium at high concentrations inside the cell and at low concentrations outside of it &#8211; produces yet another gradient, one of electrical potential. The key to the conversion of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":1212,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1576","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1576","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1576"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1576\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1577,"href":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1576\/revisions\/1577"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1212"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laspa.slg.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}